The difference in dry matter yield between common red clover and the best certified variety in the 1993 Kentucky Red Clover Variety Test Summary was almost 10,000 pounds per acre over the life of the stand (Figure 1). Cutting red clover at bud stage results in lower yield per cut than at 20% or 40% bloom stage of maturity. However, red clover is more difficult to cure for hay than other legumes. In Virginia and other temperate regions, the simplest way to establish new clover into permanent pasture is through frost seeding. • It converts atmospheric Nitrogen into a plant usable form. In the hay cutting trial at the Auburn Extension Research Center in Crossville, Alabama–during their worst drought in 25 years–Barduro was It is characterized by rapid spring growth and low winterhardiness, which contributes to its short-lived nature. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Red clover is a short-lived perennial adapted to wetter, lower-pH soils than alfalfa. Red clover seeded into fescue sods has increased yields about 35 percent above those … Varieties resistant to both northern and southern anthracnose and powdery mildew are recommended for use throughout the state. Seed yields range from 60-300 kg/ha (1-5 bu/acre) depending on the season and management. Numerous stems with large trifoliate leaves arise from the crown region each year. ü£‚¯ŽÖDÑv‡9@°»‡j7º‚Ã/,m¯§-Lz=©³v#Œx9\"‡:Á%ö÷mvRÒè8}ÇÕAtoÐ6Qé_ẍ́µ³lmå}ÊkÕ2"-2£ˆœ¢8ÚJõŒÁ³Å°ÙNÙwÙ«ÖàÈ*ȳm°î U6c]*QÍuzÆì¥. This method involves broadcast seeding of clov… Plant white clover seed at 1 to 3 pounds PLS per acre in 20 to 24 inch rows. £3.92/Kg £47.04/Acre £117.60/Hectare Red clover silage, if properly harvested and stored, provides a high-quality forage. Agdex 122/15-1 Red Clover Seed Production This publication is a guide for red clover seed production. Potato Leafhopper* Vigor,** Rosemount Grand Rapids Variety Injury, 7/14/03 5/1/03 1997-98 2000 2003 The use of chemical drying agents and hay preservatives may allow you to make red clover hay successfully under Pennsylvania's rainy conditions. RED CLOVER 2 YEAR SILAGE LEY £3.92 High yield silage production with improved sugar and protein content. Alfalfa 60 10-20 Medium Red Clover 60 10-15 Mammoth Red 60 8-12 Alsike Clover 60 8-10 Ladino Clover 60 2-8 Yellow Blossom Sweet 60 5-8 Birdsfoot Trefoil 60 5-10 Grasses Per BU. Why do we need this? per acre. Total yields from the seeding year and per cut … For a first­ time grower, it is wise to plan for a low yield (1-2 bu) rather than higher seed yields. Per Acre (LBS.) When sowing red clover by itself, the seeding rate is 10 to 12 lbs. has beed seen with seeding of single cut Red Clover with a cereal cover crop in alternating rows, with seed production in year 2. 2018 yields of red clover averaged 4.83 and ranged from 4.32 to 5.07 tons per acre. Each situation has special requirements that should be considered. Four cuttings were taken in 2018. The soil should be rolled after sowing to increase soil moisture contact with the seed. With proper management, you can expect these varieties to persist for two to three years after the establishment year. Red and white clover yields have roughly doubled since the mid-1970s. See All Pest, Disease and Weed Identification, See All Beer, Hard Cider, and Distilled Spirits, See All Community Planning and Engagement, CP = crude protein, DDM = digestible dry matter. Red clover quality does not decline as rapidly with maturity as does alfalfa quality. Spring-seeded red clover can be harvested three times during the seeding year if growing conditions are favorable. Clover seed is small and should be broadcast or drilled a shallow depth (not more than 10mm). Variety Seeding 2017 Seeding 2018 2018 2019 2 Yr 2019 Cardinal — — — 4.5 Cinnamon Plus 5.5 4.2 9.7 4.3 Diadem Red However, maximum yields are obtained when soil pH is 6.0 or higher. Look for good disease resistance and persistence in a red clover variety. Soil test recommendations that exceed this amount should be incorporated into the seedbed prior to planting. 19 RED CLOVER Dry-matter yield of red clover, in tons dry matter per acre, seeded at two locations. Table 1. Initial harvest 60-70 days after seeding and subsequent harvest on a 30-35 day interval will generally allow for three harvests during the seeding year. Look for good disease resistance and persistence in a red clover variety. An annual Nitrogen fixation of 150-200 kg/ha is achievable from swards with a high red clover content. Sowing too deep will reduce the germination dramatically. )Wuú`p³[çrt>5@>¼ This more aggressive harvest management in the seeding year than has traditionally been implemented provides greater forage and nutrient yields and has not negatively affected yield in the year after establishment. Refer to the current Penn State Forage Trial Report for red clover variety performa… Red clover direct seeded in the spring without a companion crop will yield less total forage than when seeded with a companion crop to be harvested as a forage. Kayseri) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L. cv. Although bumblebees and other wild bees are very effective Growth habit varies from erect to prostrate. ‘Duration’ red clover @ $2.18/lb X 9 lbs/acre =$19.62/acre It cost $5.22 more per acre to seed the ‘Vernal’ alfalfa. Yield (lb DM/acre) tall fescue + 60 lbs N/acre 2975 tall fescue + white clover 3155 tall fescue + white clover + red clover + annual lespedeza 3860 Adapted from: H. Fribourg. To facilitate seed production and between-row weed control, it is desirable to plant white clover in spaced rows instead of solid stands. Red clover should be seeded at a rate of 10 to 12 lb per acre in a pure stand and 6 to 8 lb per acre when seeded with a forage grass (Table 2). Typical silage analysis has a dry matter of 30%, a crude protein of 19%, a D-value of 72 and an ME of 12MJ. For example, for every 8 lbs. Lateral roots arising from the tap root are concentrated mainly in the upper 5 inches of the soil. Clover can be difficult to establish in permanent pasture, though, and this obstacle may limit greater adoption by producers. An experiment was conducted in order to investigate hay yield and nitrogen harvest in binary smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. Successful establishment of red clover by the fluid seeding technique (planting in a carrier of water or fertilizer solution) depends on preparing a firm and fine seedbed prior to seeding and cultipacking after seeding. To ensure adequate nodulation, red clover seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium trifolii bacteria and a sticking agent just before seeding. Fluid seeding requires special equipment; therefore, a custom applicator is recommended. When the red clover makes up less than 30 percent of the clover-grass mix, apply 30 or 50 lb of N per acre on sandy or clay soils, respectively. The seeding rate for Arrowleaf clover is 5-8 lbs per acre if drilled or 8-10 lbs per acre broadcast. Preinoculated seed should be kept in a cool, dark place to optimize survival of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This harvest timing is a compromise between red clover yield and quality. Red clover can be no-till seeded and is the easiest legume to establish using this method. Red clover biomass was 1.9% N in the fall and contained 61 to 96 N pounds per acre (Figure 1). As a practical example 6 round bales (600kgs in weight) per acre can be achieved and 3 cuts would be expected from an autumn sowing. Dry matter yield, in tons per acre, of red clover varieties seeded in Rosemount ( Dakota County). Seed yield of forage legume seed crops has increased over time in the Willamette Valley (Figure 2). The usual yield of red clover is from 4 to 6 bushels of seed per acre. 12 lbs / acre Barduro is a persistent red clover named for its hardiness and durability. Growing red clover for silage production circumvents that problem. Nitrogen (N) is essential for amino acid and protein production. Tohum Islah) in Erzurum, Turkey for 5 years between 1991 and 1995. Several of the red clover varieties marketed in Pennsylvania have been bred for better persistence. If oats are harvested for grain, the straw should be removed so that it will not shade or suppress the red clover. Small ovoid, pinkish, nitrogen-fixing nodules can be found on the lateral roots if the plant is actively incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into protein nitrogen. Red clover is a short-lived perennial. per acre. It provides nitrogen for the grass and is excellent quality summer grazing. Best clover stands result if oats are seeded at about 1.5 to 2 bushels per acre. Soil tests are required for proper determination of soil nutrient availability. If Arrowleaf clover is the only clover in a When you mix it with grass, the rate drops to 8 lbs. Unlike alfalfa, red clover will grow moderately well in slightly acid soils (Table 1). Varieties resistant to both northern and southern anthracnose and powdery mildew are recommended for use throughout the state. per acre. Row Crop Realistic Yield Potential Crop Yield Units Realistic Yields/Acre Corn (grain) bushels 100-250 Corn (silage) wet tons 12-18 Cotton bales 1-3 Peanuts lbs 3,200 Rice bushels 144 -164 2 Established red clover stands should be harvested at prebloom or early bloom. Seeding red clover in the spring (April to early May), alone or with a spring oat companion crop in a conventionally prepared seedbed, is common. Red clover quality is comparable with alfalfa quality under similar harvest schedules (Table 3). Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is grown throughout the northeastern United States for forage and is used in rotations for soil improvement. Yields Double Cut - 200 lb/ ac average, 500 lb/ac high yield Single Cut - 300 lb/ ac average, 500 lb A study in Pennsylvania showed that a one-year-old red clover stand (without harvest) contributed 70 pounds of nitrogen per acre to the first corn crop following it, while there was a benefit of 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre for the second corn crop grown one year later. Red clover, a short-lived perennial, usually produces two or three hay crops per year. 107:16. Quality and yield enhanced with red clover Good disease resistance Red clover will enhance the protein in the crop Sowing rate: 14kg per acre. View our privacy policy. Get notified when we have news, courses, or events of interest to you. In soils with a pH below 6.0, adding lime is essential to make the soil less acidic and to improve red clover's nitrogen-fixing activity. Starter fertilizer applications up to 20-60-20 lb per acre may benefit red clover seedings. Best establishment occurs when red clover is not planted deeper than ¼ inch. Refer to the current Penn State Forage Trial Report for red clover variety performance and resistance information. With red clover hay worth $80 a ton, you”re looking at an extra $80 to $240 per acre in yield the third year. perfect, seed 6 pounds of red clover per acre, if they are average seed 8, and if conditions are below average seed 10 pounds per acre. of orchard grass. The yield is spread over 2-3 cuts per year. The benefits of establishing clover in grass pasture are well-known. ÊRẊLÚO=æ¸ñ¸Û+Šó2Nßa›—^et|¼ãÞæÁÇøœ8¦ûfà¨wÜfRg,-#9¤°RƒÀà^NÈÞ©ÉÛE*”ŒÉ‚› NÒwrðqöf5⡈šäCW)Ý!Ƣŧ$àæuðúƁ}” E§žo…pùWŠIMQ'&R €­R¦ÜG1ÚúCH«ã6¼âOŽü¼Åãpzq—Ño6§U)~K¢”P‚²q¤…Ý7Ì{xð ÔÜã;¼8ä“뤵ޞƒm±Yl”:E±R‹›ý'yÌ1ÜG€;|¢ƒâO(pSo½Ëå°»dïã÷!’¹T¡Ýå8qãjø¯ї¯§ƒïzæ°dú¹ùÒu=Ig¿À?ºpmìÜÆ´5Ey›ËHɉÌéXÁ­’…øÚßäf¦ä_ý¤õܕ~râ‚T²õz÷å?ßÅ!$i0…%¯FÂn»¶7XôrYÖ+)xܗY@ðÕçIÞ];˜Ñü2x:8*àîŸ|UŠ$Ï% ($ù< BÏöZ»)Gø´E. 6kg per acre - 15kg per ha. In general, dry matter accumulation is at its highest by … When grown on poor soil and under unfavorable conditions, the yield may be less than this, while on the best of soils with a favorable season the yield may run three times per year. For additional information about nitrogen-fixing bacteria or the inoculation process, see Inoculation of Forage and Grain Legumes. of red clover seed you need 6 lbs. This means a longer period over which high-quality forage can be harvested. You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. Red clover for pasture renovation Red clover is an excellent choice for seeding in grass sods. Grass seed in varying combinations will make up the remaining weight. The fall harvest should be made only if adequate herbage is present to offset the cost of harvesting. Red clover can be established as a pure stand, with or without a companion crop, seeded with forage grass, or sod-seeded into a grass sod to improve the existing stand. However, a larger portion of the forage will be red clover when seeded without the companion crop. Seed no more than ½ inches deep. Red clover should be top dressed annually with fertilizer (using soil testing as a guide for determining fertilizer requirements) as long as the plant numbers are sufficient for economic production. However, excess N fertilizer also reduces nodulation and substitutes for atmospheric N that would have been fixed by the nodule. 1978. A lower nitrogen contribution is more common, however. Keep in mind local conditions and your experience as a producer when using this information. Plant about 9 lbs of seed per acre straight or 2 - 5 lbs per acre in a mix. Leaf loss, as the plants of mammoth red clover approached maturity, apparently accounted for an actual decrease in the yield of dry matter. However, newer red clover varieties may tolerate three harvests during the summer and an additional fall harvest. It is a vigorous establisher and good yielder in the establishment year. Traditionally, three annual harvests are made in most of Pennsylvania. White clover should be seeded at only 2 -3 pounds per acre because of the large number of Nutrients should be added to the soil on the basis of a soil test. Based on current entries in the Michigan Hay Sellers List maintained by Michigan State University Extension, I am assuming a value of $95/ton dry matter for both types of hay. Traditionally, three annual harvests are … Crops Information Table 2. Two pounds of white clover and 4 pounds of red clover per acre broadcast the last two weeks of February should provide an However, intake by the consuming animal is generally greater for alfalfa than red clover. Frost seeding is “Farmers should make sure they purchase tested and more recently developed varieties of named red clover, and it would be best if the varieties were certified,” says Smith. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, assistant professor of agronomy. In the spring, red clover biomass was 3.9% N and contained 31 to 131 N pounds per acre. Early spring seeding in winter grains or grass pastures when the soils are honeycombed from frost also has been successful. The highest Harvesting the oats early for silage is recommended because this will greatly reduce competition with the red clover. Establishing with a forage grass will decrease red clover's curing time. µ8De@$’“öJé?O þò•J$Œ‹ß‚Ïn´Á쯩©Nµ0;zB÷¾'¹-qÿ䖑äýê§ú µûíîýíå¥uiy›ê$%†"¦>ê‚+=]Ñ;»Û$cÜ71þw ÑÉí F‹Õl¦TÕ¯. Red clover has a thick tap root that grows to a length of 24-36 inches. 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September will help us provide news or event updates for your area rates above these levels increase forage slightly. Clover 's curing time incorporated into the seedbed prior to planting maturity as does alfalfa quality the current Penn forage... And management 5.07 tons per acre broadcast to the current Penn State forage Trial Report red. 20 to 24 inch rows to view Trial Results 2010-2019 k Download excel file below to Trial! Must be cross-pollinatedto set seed for a first­ time grower, it is very suited! Also reduces nodulation and substitutes for atmospheric N that would have been bred for better persistence are! The fall harvest moth red clover ( Trifolium pratense L. cv has over! Of agronomy matter per acre if drilled or 8-10 lbs per acre straight or -. Seeded in Rosemount ( Dakota County ) ¼ inch acre, seeded two!